MongoDB uses a document-based data model, where each record (equivalent to a row in a traditional database) is called a document, structured and stored in a JSON-like format. Thanks to the inherent flexibility, MongoDB can store nested documents within fields, naturally forming a directory-like, multi-level structure known as sub-documents. MongoDB also has built-in support for multi-value fields, letting you store arrays directly within a field without needing a separate table. These array fields give users full control. You can index them, search and update individual elements within an array, and dynamically add or remove elements as needed.

For developers, document databases feel both natural and flexible, enabling higher productivity and faster development aligned with application requirements. As a NoSQL database, the document data model has become a popular alternative to relational databases.